I really do not think this is salvageable. In part, because your entire premise is flawed. No one biome is going to have everything you want. There is ultimately no way you are going to avoid long walks to get to the things you need/want. Also in part because your requirements for a desirable biome are rather vague.
Materials:
- Lava? can occur anywhere, and if you spend a decent amount of time mining, you'll almost certainly encounter more than enough for your needs, and once you can reliably explore the nether, there is even MORE.
- Water occurs practically everywhere that isn't a desert, and even then, there's likely rivers somewhere near the edges. All you need is two bucket fulls placed in the corners of a 2x2 square, and you have an infinite source of water wherever you need it.
- Seeds: as you flatten/clear any dirt-based ground for building, you are likely to get some seeds from the tall grass - this is enough to start a small farm that can easily grow exponentially. Specific seeds like watermellon/pumpkin are more iffy, but wander enough and you'll find some.
- Do you care what type of wood you get for building? either way, all you need to find is one tree of the desired type, and collect some saplings.
- Loot: What kind of loot are you talking about? Most of the underground stuff doesn't really depend on the biome.
Monsters:
Ok, this one's fairly straight-forward, you'd mostly want to avoid the dense jungles and dark-oak woods, and maybe some of the more mountainous terrain.
Building space:
Again, this ones a bit vague, if you are looking for flat land to build on - and of the savannas, deserts, or the various plains will likely do. But once you clear out some trees, some forests will also do the trick - you're going to need wood anyway. But is building on a flat area what you want? You can builds some impressive things on/in/around mountains...
Villages/Temples:
These are a bit more specific, but have other problems. We can suggest a biome with either a temple or or village... But there is no guarantee that when you start in that biome it will have the desired village/temple.
Conclusions:
It doesn't matter where you start, there is no one best biome to start in. You are ultimately going to have to do a lot of walking to find what you want. And in many cases, when you find what you want, you can bring it to where you want. So your starting location doesn't really matter.
If you need to find a location with many nearby features, you don't need a starting biome, you need a tool like MineAtlas that will either take your existing world's level.dat or a world generation seed and show you locations of villages and temples, and where to go to get at specific biomes that have the resources you need - rather than wandering aimlessly.
A good starting biome is far too subjective, unless you have a very specific list of requirements, and even then it is largely pointless as every instance of a biome can vary in its usefulness. What you want are SEEDS that have previously been checked out by other users... Unfortunately, I believe this avenue of questioning has also been determined to be ogff-topic - But there are other resources on the net to find what you are looking for like Minecraft-Seeds.net
